Artículos

Strategic Analysis: The U.S. Military Dilemma Regarding Iran and the Strait of Hormuz

The Strategic Fragility of the Iranian Security Doctrine      Neither before this conflict nor now has Iran’s security doctrine been designed under the parameters of symmetric conventional warfare, in which the capacity to defeat an adversary on the battlefield serves as the metric for national success.       Contrario sensu, Iranian military strategy is asymmetric by design. It aims to transform any conflict into a scenario of unsustainable costs for the adversary, employing saturation of defenses, distributed industrial resilience within its territory, and a network of regional proxies that operate according to guerrilla logic. This is currently manifested through limited but constant drone strikes and sparse, albeit well-rationed, ballistic missile attacks against Washington’s Sunni Arab allies.       The operational reality, however, is marked by a reliance on a clandestine supply chain, which is itself a determinant factor in an escalating war. In practice, Iran's ability to sustain an offensive dispersed across multiple targets simultaneously—while lacking the capacity to withstand sustained U.S. air campaigns—depends critically on technological assistance: satellite intelligence, dual-use components, and precision technology provided by China and Russia.     Without this technological "oxygen," the Iranian military apparatus would rapidly lose its efficacy. Furthermore, this support will not be indefinite, as internal governance continues to erode while the population remains burdened by undeniable hardships.

What is Geo-strategy: Functions and Scope?

   Introduction       This article analyzes geo-strategy not as a static concept, but as the dynamic manifestation of power within space. Through this examination, we explore how geo-strategy transcends simple cartography to become the bridge connecting military capabilities, geographical resources, and the political objectives of a nation. We will address the fundamental distinctions between geopolitics and geo-strategy, its essential role in the conduct of the State, and its decisive influence on national security and foreign policy. Finally, we will evaluate Colombia's position on the global chessboard and the impact of this discipline on understanding its internal conflict.      1. Fundamental Concepts: Geopolitics vs. Strategy vs. Geo-strategy      To understand the actions of the State, it is imperative to delineate these three terms which, although interconnected, operate on distinct planes:        Geopolitics: The analysis of how geographical space influences politics and power relations. It is an academic discipline, an analytical lens that interprets how geography conditions the behavior of States.        Strategy: The art and science of employing resources (military power, economic might, diplomacy) to achieve specific objectives, generally within a context of conflict or competition.          Geo-strategy: The materialization of strategy applied to a specific geographical space. While geopolitics studies the environment, geo-strategy acts upon it. It is long-range planning that utilizes space as an active variable to ensure the survival and projection of the State.         The relationship between them: Geo-strategy is the executive arm of geopolitics. If geopolitics identifies that a nation requires access to the sea for survival, geo-strategy designs the foreign policy and defense movements necessary to secure that access in the face of potential adversaries.

The Ukrainian Defense Minister’s Dismissal Reveals a Chasm of Egos Between Strategists and Politicians

    In Ukraine, the fog has lifted to reveal a profound disconnect between the messianic vision of Volodymyr Zelensky, the veteran military command, and the ambitious young politician Mykhailo Fedorov, whose brief but consequential tenure as Minister of Defense has ended in a cautionary tale of how the shadow of ego can imperil a nation at war.     Every war is a clash of forces that demands a delicate equilibrium between the technical expertise of the military strategist and the often-flawed vision of unprepared civilian leaders. This dichotomy, as old as history itself, becomes the epicenter of national survival when political crises and entrenched interests intertwine. The recent removal of Mykhailo Fedorov, just six months into his mandate, serves as an emblematic case study of the collision between technological innovation, the military old guard, industrial interests, and the erosion of political leadership when a leader begins to believe they are irreplaceable.     A Corrupt Ecosystem and the Vices of War Profiteering     The shadow of corruption has always haunted the periphery of conflict. Throughout history, opportunistic "war profiteers" have lurked in the corridors of power and military camps. Possessing the financial leverage to distort agendas, these actors relentlessly interfere in military decisions, particularly in the logistics of wartime procurement.

Bloody Rescue in Chocó: Comprehensive State Policies and an End to Strategic Naivety Are Urgently Needed

     The bloody rescue of 39 people kidnapped by the ELN in Chocó was not an isolated event. It is a reality that the country does not view with the necessary clarity. While horror gripped the families of the hostages, the military operation exposed the fragility of security in strategic zones and the State's inability to protect its citizens preventively. The consequences of this event—indelible trauma and growing institutional desolation—are the balance sheet of the erratic "Total Peace," a management model that prefers rhetorical dialogues over the sovereign recovery of territory.     The Petro government's "Total Peace" is a monumental strategic error. It appointed negotiators without the necessary tactical preparation, and by engaging in dialogue without a clear containment strategy against an actor that seeks strengthening rather than peace, the State has ceded legitimacy and terrain. Meanwhile, the ELN has empowered itself through illicit economies—drug trafficking, illegal mining, and human trafficking in border zones—acting as a criminal machine with an ideological facade.     Chocó is not a casual choice for the ELN. Its geostrategic value is incalculable: it allows access to the Pacific and Atlantic oceans and facilitates expansion toward the southwest, Valle, Cauca, Nariño, and projection toward the coffee region, Antioquia, and Córdoba. This position grants the group a geopolitical advantage to control illegal revenues and activate clandestine networks.     The ELN occupies territory to build a long-term vision of a communist society. Its strategy includes communities instrumentalized by front organizations, fueled by networks of complicity with radical sectors of the Catholic Church, university professors, and intellectual elites of the left who, trapped in the past, promote an alleged "Marxist-Christian revolution" that fosters communist violence and narco-terrorism About the Author: Lieutenant Colonel Luis Alberto Villamarín Pulido is a veteran officer of the Colombian Army and a renowned international analyst of strategic affairs, geopolitics, and national security. He is the author of more than 40 books on the Colombian conflict and international terrorism. Additionally, he is an international speaker and an expert consultant on defense and military leadership for major Spanish-language media outlets worldwide.

Where is Paloma Valencia, and why is she not appearing at such a crucial historical moment?

  By Luis Alberto Villamarín Pulido     On the night of her shameful, though anticipated and obvious, defeat at the polls—a defeat stemming from her physical and mental limitations—to serve as president of the republic, an aspirational desire fueled by an enormous ego and a fanciful assumption of leadership, Ms. Paloma Valencia appeared before the media to express her undying love and full support for the winner of the first round.     But after that night, Ms. Valencia vanished from the political scene. She's nowhere to be seen... Is this the result of her immense, crushed ego?     Or is it because, after revealing her true colors during the campaign, having declared herself a moralistic champion, she ended up mired in the same political decay as Santos, Uribe, Samper, Petro, and others, who usually ally themselves with Satan himself to reach heaven... just as bad as, or even worse than, the corrupt communists.     The truth is that Paloma Valencia and her messianic mentor, Álvaro Uribe Vélez, know—however much they deny it—that by prioritizing the return of votes over electoral viability, they not only torpedoed the opposition's victory in the first round but also gave Petro's corrupt supporters the opportunity to commit fraud in the second round, which wouldn't be surprising.     With this attitude, Ms. Paloma Valencia practically buried the Democratic Center as a party capable of garnering votes in every election. Just as Rafael Pardo Rueda did to bury the Liberal Party, and Martha Lucía Ramírez did to bury the Conservative Party.

Sinopsis of the Book The Farc Cartel Vol (I)

by Colonel Luis Alberto Villamarín Pulido

communist-narcoterrorism-entrenched-in-colombias-state-universities

The Colombian media, which is accustomed to excessive diplomacy – referring, for example, to dictator Fidel Castro as president, to terrorists as insurgents, to corrupt politicians as doctors and to thieves as "crooks" –has again understated the gravity of the facts.

The Nomination of Angelino Garzón , Vice President of the Republic of Colombia, for the Directorate of the International Labour Organization

entrevista en ingles

Twenty Years After Operation Colombia Against Casa Verde

Striking the FARC Secretariat at its headquarters was a matter of the greatest strategic importance for the National Army and of particular political significance for the country. In accordance with this line of thought, Operation Colombia was planned in detail, on the basis of testimony from FARC deserters, aerial photographs taken by the Air Force, meteorological analysis, and the selection of assault troops, land blockades, aerial tactical fire, and maneuvers directed at concrete objectives.

Colombia can not sit back against the Chavez war warning

http://www.unoamerica.org/unoPAG/articulo.php?id=196

Release of hostages: victory of intelligence over the sword